Bideford Buzz

Peter Christie continues his history of Bideford Bridge in World War 2

More notes from Frank Whiting’s reports.

No more war items are recorded for seven months when, in March 1943, the minutes contain the following, ‘A matter I have been rather concerned about recently, but for which I cannot see the remedy – is that when large tanks are passing over the Bridge, ordinary traffic cannot pass them, and I have even seen a motor car pull on to the pavement within one foot of the parapet, and about a week ago an unloaded lorry did the same.    If a really heavy lorry did this I am not experienced enough to say if it would be safe.’

That he was right to be concerned is shown in August 1943 when he notes ‘I know there has been a tank & carrier cross the Bridge the total weight of which was 75 tons.’   Given that the current weight limit is 3 tonnes, one can only wonder how these leviathans strained the Bridge.    Whiting had contacted the engineers who supervised the widening of the Bridge in 1925 for advice, and they replied that ‘the Ministry of Transport, Bridge Dep. Were rating safe loads of numerous Bridges’ and they would ask them to quickly look at Bideford.

That this was necessary is seen in the October 1943 report which notes that the kerbing on the Bridge had been damaged by ‘American Tanks’, whilst the next month there is a lengthy entry on the same subject, ‘On Wednesday Nov 3^rd last a Convoy of American Tanks went over the Bridge, and appeared to be driving so carelessly that Mr.Eggins the Assistant County Road Surveyor who saw them rushed to the Police Station to see if he could get Police supervision.    I happened to see the tanks myself and also Mr.Eggins.’   As a result of this Superintendent Melhuish turned up to view ‘this serious damage to Bideford Bridge.’    Rather bathetically he only suggested erecting a notice board at the end of the Bridge – presumably requesting military vehicles to drive more carefully.    The Trust evidently applied for compensation, but on December 27 1943 Whiting could only admit ‘I have heard nothing further from the United States Claims Office in connection with the account I sent them in.’

Newspaper cutting from 1940 shows the extent of the feeling against the publication ‘Peace News’ in wartime.

ALSO …………..

A model gift. (From Bideford Weekly Gazette June 5^th 1945).

A presentation of great historical and educational value to the town has been made to Bideford Bridge Trustees by Alderman FE Whiting FRIBA , for the past twenty years warden of Bideford’s famous Long Bridge.    It consists of a 9ft 6 ins scale model of the Bridge showing the various stages of its reconstruction from circa 1280 when it was first built as a wooden bridge.

Alderman Whiting has taken six and a half years to complete the model, embodying all his knowledge gained during the past quarter of a century and all authentic records available. With photographs he has produced an accompanying illustrated guide to the model, and this is the most compact and informative history yet written and is unique in that it represents a visual, as well as literary history of the Bridge .. (Still on view in the Burton Art Gallery and Museum)

Peter Christie continues his history of Bideford in wartime.

June 1941 onwards- More notes from Frank Whiting’s reports.

The next few months are taken up with surveying and costing the damage to the Bideford Laundry buildings (which had earlier been a collar factory) off  Northam Road that had accidentally burnt down in April 1941.   In November, however, there is a war related entry that is rather puzzling.   It reads, ‘I surveyed the damage to the Trustees property due to enemy action on Oct 28th last.’   No properties in Bideford experienced any bomb damage during hostilities but all is explained in the entry for January 1942 when the Warden noted ‘In connection with the bomb damage off the Clovelly Road, the crater is filled in and they are now putting the top covering of soil over it’, plus ‘The cow shed is nearing completion.’   Clearly the Nazi pilot in this case hadn’t been very accurate!   This brush with enemy bombers, however, probably led to the entry in April 1942 that ‘the tapestry be removed from over the fireplace.’   This refers to a piece of tapestry assumed to be of seventeenth century date that has long been in the possession of the Trust and was clearly deemed valuable enough to be put in a place of safety.

As the war progressed, so more and more men were conscripted into the forces – which caused a problem for the Warden.   Applying to the local Labour Exchange in May 1942 for a man to help clear undergrowth from the Laundry site he had to report that no-one had been available – a small annoyance perhaps, but clearly one that annoyed Whiting.   A slightly more dramatic occurrence came three months later when ‘An Army Lorry’ ran into No.41 Mill Street destroying the plate glass window and the sun blind in the process.’   The Bridge Steward we read ‘is in touch with the Army Authorities re damages.’

Final chapter next month.      (See here for Part 1).

Little has been written on Bideford life during the Second  World War.   Admittedly we weren’t bombed, but we did provide facilities for training both British and U.S. Servicemen and  the area played host to the top-secret Combined Operations.   One source I came across recently adds a few details to our knowledge of a period where news was heavily censored in local and national newspapers.   For many years Frank E.Whiting, a local architect who served as a long term town councillor, was the Warden to the Bridge Trust where he looked after the Trust’s property.    Every month he filed a hand written report, and these survive amongst the Trust’s records.
Each report is usually fairly short and very much to the point. Thus on July 26 1939 he notes, amongst other things, ‘The pointing to the 12th Arch [of the Bridge] is proceeding satisfactorily, but I have to do rather more to the lower portion of the piers than with most of the other arches.’   The next report on August 30 carries the first war-related entry, some four days before hostilities began; ‘Under a Ministry Order white lines have been painted on the kerbs to the approaches of the Bridge.’   This was designed to help drivers during the ‘black out’ when both vehicle and street lights were severely curtailed.

On September 27 he notes, ‘I examined the Bridge after a ship had touched it last week, but except for the fact that it had scraped off a little of its paint, there was no damage to the Bridge.’    One wonders if the ship was one of those commandeered at the outbreak of war who didn’t know Bideford and the Torridge that well.    Whiting completed his report on a personal note, ‘I think it is quite possible that owing to the War we shall have to give up our offices; should this happen I should be obliged if the Trustees would grant me this room as an Office for Bridge work.’    At this date the Warden and his partner Burnett Orphoot, a noted Scottish architect who had local connections, were running their office from 21, High Street, whilst the Bridge Trust was based in Bridge Buildings.
From this report until June 1940 there are no war related items, perhaps reflecting the ‘Phoney War’ period when nothing much happened between the opposing armies.    In May 1940, however, France was invaded and on May 14 Anthony Eden, the new Secretary for War in Winston Churchill’s cabinet, called for volunteers to help the regular forces if the Nazis invaded.    Known at first as the Local Defence Volunteers, the name was soon changed to the Home Guard, and in the month of June 800 Bideford men were enrolled – a total which had risen to 1,046 by August 1.

The fear of invasion by sea and air was presumably behind Whiting’s note in his report of June 26 1940, ‘At the request of the Police we are removing the ladders & scaffolding from No.10 Arch’.    Presumably it was thought that sea-borne invaders could have clambered up the ladders to capture the Bridge – always seen as pivotal to the defence of Bideford.    The following month the Warden noted that ‘A representative of Minimax called on me to know if we required any Fire Extinguishers for the Bridge Buildings’ – a reminder that many parts of England were suffering heavy aerial bombardment?

In August Whiting records that ‘The Ministry of Transport wrote to me to ask if the Bridge was being guarded by the Police, Military or Home Guard.    I made enquiries of these bodies, and as a result replied that the Home Guard patrolled it from 1½ hours before low water to 2 hours after low water when this occurred during the hours of darkness.’

From then until April 1941 there are no war related entries but in that April it is recorded that ‘The fire watcher points out that to get about the roof of the Bridge Buildings he only has the ceiling joists to walk on.’, adding ‘Shall I get some walking boards put down?’

In June 1941 an odd entry occurs concerning a man arrested by the police ‘for taking Mussels from the Bridge’.    For centuries mussels were used to help anchor stones placed around the Bridge piers to help prevent scour.   The unknown mussel collector had removed 18 lbs of the shellfish – presumably to supplement his food rations.    Whiting notes that there was no law to stop him doing this, and thus the police ‘let him off with a warning.’   (Continued in next edition).

Peter Christie. Photo (US servicemen marching on Quay)  is from  his book   ‘Illustrations of Old Bideford’ Vols.1-5.     Below – Home Guard, Bideford, plan of defences.